dwarf goatfish
Upeneus parvus · Mullidae · predator
Small goatfish of the shelf, living on sand and mud bottoms between 40 and 70 m, from North Carolina and Puerto Rico to Santa Catarina. It has good-quality flesh.
Also called: trilha, salmonete-anão, salmonete rayuelo, salmonete rayado, dwarf goatfish
- maximum
- 30 cm
- record/max.
- 0.2 kg
- depth
- 40–70 m
the right time
to be on the water
Choose the place and the species. The index, from 0 to 100, combines weather, sun, moon and tide with each fish's habits. Up to 28 days, with each day's confidence.
Reading the weather across 3 global models and 31 simulations…
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hour by hour
slide your finger or mouse over the chart to see each hoursee hour-by-hour table
why this index at —?
choose the day
Each card shows the day's index (0 to 100) and, below it, a strip with the index for each hour, from 0h to 23h. from poor to excellent.
the fishing month at a glance
what's the best window for the crew?
Choose how many fishing days. We compare each stretch by its average index, discount days with a warning or closed season, and show the 3 best.
trend for the coming weeks
Line: the middle value of 31 simulations of the American GEFS model. Band: where 8 out of 10 fall. Narrow, firm trend; wide, high uncertainty.
everything about the dwarf goatfish
who is the dwarf goatfish
Fish of the family Mullidae, small, reaching 30 cm and up to 180 g. It lives on mud and sand bottoms, usually between 40 and 70 m, and juveniles, up to 8 cm, are pelagic. It feeds on bottom-dwelling invertebrates. It has good-quality flesh, sold fresh and frozen, and is exploited by commercial fishing. Because of its modest size, it has little value for sport fishing. It does not occur in the Bahamas or the western Caribbean, but is present from the eastern Caribbean to Brazil.
Essential profile. Identification, where it occurs and rules, with data from FishBase and the cited regulations. Season, time of day, technique and bait are added once we have a good source for the dwarf goatfish; in the meantime, see the similar species.
identification
Small, spindle-shaped goatfish, with two barbels on the chin like all goatfishes, and oblique dark bands on the two lobes of the tail, which set it apart from Pseudupeneus maculatus. That other goatfish has three large dark spots under the dorsal fins. In the field, the tail bands and the size of up to 30 cm are the most reliable clues.
where found
In Latin America, it ranges from Puerto Rico and Colombia to Santa Catarina, Brazil, passing through northern South America.
Habitat: Mud and sand bottoms, usually between 40 and 70 m deep.
coast
rules for the dwarf goatfish
Summary of the regulations we found, with the source for each. Rules change; before keeping or transporting fish, check with the state environmental agency.
Conservation: Not on the Brazilian national list (Ministerial Ordinance GM/MMA No. 1.667/2026).
We found no species-specific rule beyond the region's general rules.
catch and release
catch and release Releasing the fish alive, quickly and with a wet hand. During a closed season it isn't always allowed: what the regulation says applies.
The spines are not dangerous, and the fish is small. If caught in 40 m or deeper water, the ascent can cause barotrauma, so release it with care.
in the kitchen
Good-quality flesh, sold fresh and frozen.
how much it weighs without taking it out of the water
Length-weight relationship W = a·Lb (a = 0.00955, b = 3.1; FishBase (relação peso-comprimento bayesiana, estimativa da própria espécie)). It's an average: a fat or lean fish can vary by 10% to 20%.
estimated weight
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sources and references
Essential profile: size, length-weight, depth, countries and conservation come from FishBase and the cited regulations, and the texts were written from those sources. Season, time of day, sensitivities, technique and baits and lures are not included yet, because we did not find a good source for this species.
- scientific FishBase: Upeneus parvus (ficha da espécie)Size, length-weight, depth, habitat, distribution, biology, and IUCN status. Page checked on Oct 13, 2026.
- scientific FishBase: nomes populares de Upeneus parvusNames by country and language.
- official Portaria GM/MMA nº 1.667, de 27 de abril de 2026: Lista Nacional Oficial de Espécies da Fauna Ameaçadas de Extinção (peixes e invertebrados aquáticos)The species is not on the list. Checked in the DOU of April 28, 2026.
similar species
where each number comes from
The weather comes from three independent global models, cross-checked hour by hour: when they agree, confidence goes up; when they diverge, the band between them shows on the chart. Beyond 16 days, we use the GEFS ensemble of 31 simulations: if 20 of the 31 predict rain, the chance of rain is 65%. Sun and moon are calculated astronomically, with no uncertainty.
The index adds up, weighted for each species: time of day (species curve anchored to real sunrise and sunset), moon (transits, rise and set, phase), pressure (3 h trend and 24 h swing), water temperature (in rivers, estimated from air temperature; at sea, estimated by an ocean model), wind, rain, clouds, tide and the month in the species' cycle.
sources for this lookup
how accurate the forecast is
Accuracy measured in the reference project (4 regions, 93 days, forecast vs. observed): maximum temperature is off by 0.6 °C on average the next day and 1.7 °C at 7 days; rain of 5 mm or more is detected 76% of the time the next day and 57% at 7 days. Detection isn't everything: the false alarm rate isn't published here yet, and 93 days in 4 regions is still a small sample. We now also measure every day, at the app's destinations: