spot croaker
Leiostomus xanthurus · Sciaenidae · omnivore
Small croaker of sand and mud bottoms, which moves up into estuaries in summer and autumn. It has a commercial fishery, is considered a sport fish and is sometimes used as bait.
Also called: corvina-manchada, croca, verrugato croca, spot croaker
- maximum
- 36 cm
- record/max.
- 0.5 kg
the right time
to be on the water
Choose the place and the species. The index, from 0 to 100, combines weather, sun, moon and tide with each fish's habits. Up to 28 days, with each day's confidence.
Reading the weather across 3 global models and 31 simulations…
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hour by hour
tap or drag on the chart to read each hour · on a keyboard, arrow keyssee hour-by-hour table
why this index at —?
choose the day
Each card shows the day's index (0 to 100) and, below it, a strip with the index for each hour, from 0h to 23h. from poor to excellent.
the fishing month at a glance
what's the best window for the crew?
Choose how many fishing days. We compare each stretch by its average index, discount days with a warning or closed season, and show the 3 best.
trend for the coming weeks
Line: the middle value of 31 simulations of the American GEFS model. Band: where 8 out of 10 fall. Narrow, firm trend; wide, high uncertainty.
everything about the spot croaker
who is the spot croaker
The spot croaker is a fish of the family Sciaenidae, with a small, spindle-shaped body, reaching 36 cm and up to 450 g. It lives in coastal waters down to 60 m, on sandy or muddy bottoms, and concentrates in estuaries in summer and autumn, when it uses these habitats to feed and breed. Juveniles usually stay in estuaries all year. It eats worms, small crustaceans and organic detritus. It has a commercial fishery, is considered a sport fish and is sometimes used as bait.
Essential profile. Identification, where it occurs and rules, with data from FishBase and the cited regulations. Season, time of day, technique and bait are added once we have a good source for the spot croaker; in the meantime, see the similar species.
fun facts
- A small specimen was found in Tokyo Bay, Japan, probably carried in a ship's ballast water.
identification
Small, spindle-shaped body, typical of croakers, reaching 36 cm. The most striking mark is a round dark spot on the shoulder, just behind the gill opening, and the tail is yellowish (the scientific name means yellow tail). It lives on sandy or muddy coastal bottoms, down to 60 m, and enters estuaries in summer and autumn.
where found
It lives in the northern Atlantic, from Massachusetts (USA) to northern Mexico, but does not occur in southern Florida. In Latin America it occurs only in Mexico.
Habitat: Sandy or muddy bottoms of coastal waters, down to 60 m, and estuaries in summer and autumn.
rules for the spot croaker
Summary of the regulations we found, with the source for each. Rules change; before keeping or transporting fish, check with the state environmental agency.
We found no species-specific rule beyond the region's general rules.
catch and release
catch and release Releasing the fish alive, quickly and with a wet hand. During a closed season it isn't always allowed: what the regulation says applies.
It is harmless to handle. Being small, release what you are not going to keep.
how much it weighs without taking it out of the water
Length-weight relationship W = a·Lb (a = 0.00912, b = 3.1; FishBase (relação peso-comprimento bayesiana, estimativa da própria espécie)). It's an average: a fat or lean fish can vary by 10% to 20%.
estimated weight
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sources and references
Essential profile: size, length-weight, depth, countries and conservation come from FishBase and the cited regulations, and the texts were written from those sources. Season, time of day, sensitivities, technique and baits and lures are not included yet, because we did not find a good source for this species.
- scientific FishBase: Leiostomus xanthurus (ficha da espécie)Size, length-weight, depth, habitat, distribution, biology, and IUCN status. Page checked on Oct 13, 2026.
- scientific FishBase: nomes populares de Leiostomus xanthurusNames by country and language.
similar species
where each number comes from
The weather comes from three independent global models, cross-checked hour by hour: when they agree, confidence goes up; when they diverge, the band between them shows on the chart. Beyond 16 days, we use the GEFS ensemble of 31 simulations: if 20 of the 31 predict rain, the chance of rain is 65%. Sun and moon are calculated astronomically, with no uncertainty.
The index adds up, weighted for each species: time of day (species curve anchored to real sunrise and sunset), moon (transits, rise and set, phase), pressure (3 h trend and 24 h swing), water temperature (in rivers, estimated from air temperature; at sea, estimated by an ocean model), wind, rain, clouds, tide and the month in the species' cycle.
sources for this lookup
how accurate the forecast is
Accuracy measured in the reference project (4 regions, 93 days, forecast vs. observed): maximum temperature is off by 0.6 °C on average the next day and 1.7 °C at 7 days; rain of 5 mm or more is detected 76% of the time the next day and 57% at 7 days. Detection isn't everything: the false alarm rate isn't published here yet, and 93 days in 4 regions is still a small sample. We now also measure every day, at the app's destinations: