A large eastern Pacific grouper (badejo), light brown with elongated dark spots with pale centers and dark lines running from the eye. It reaches 1.5 m and nearly 50 kg; it lives from mangroves to rocky reefs, down to about 60 m.
Also called: badejo-cauda-de-vassoura, cabrilla plomuda, cherna, garropa jaspeada, Broomtail grouper
Choose the place and the species. The index, from 0 to 100, combines weather, sun, moon and tide with each fish's habits. Up to 28 days, with each day's confidence.
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Sample location: choose yours to see the forecast for where you fish.
period
Reading the weather across 3 global models and 31 simulations…
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index Score from 0 to 100 for the fishing conditions of each hour. It reads weather, sun, moon, tide and the species' habits. It doesn't promise fish: it tells you when the water is on your side. 0–24 poor · 25–44 fair · 45–64 good · 65–84 very good · 85–100 excellent.
today
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confidence —
confidence How much you can trust the weather forecast for the day. It drops with distance and when the models disagree. It is not the chance of catching fish.
models and trend Up to 16 days, three global weather models (the European ECMWF, the American GFS and a high-resolution blend) read hour by hour; when they disagree, the light band on the chart widens. Beyond that it's a trend: 31 runs of the American GEFS model. Confirm when it's 1 week out.
window Consecutive hours with the index near the day's peak and no danger alert. It is the time to have the bait in the water.
hour by hour
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next 7 days
choose the day
chart: bar height = day's index · line = variation between models · striped = trend · fainter = less confidence
Each card shows the day's index (0 to 100) and, below it, a strip with the index for each hour, from 0h to 23h. from poor to excellent.
4-week calendar
the fishing month at a glance
plan a trip
what's the best window for the crew?
Choose how many fishing days. We compare each stretch by its average index, discount days with a warning or closed season, and show the 3 best.
trend for the coming weeks
Line: the middle value of 31 simulations of the American GEFS model. Band: where 8 out of 10 fall. Narrow, firm trend; wide, high uncertainty.
the species
everything about the broomtail grouper
overview
who is the broomtail grouper
Eastern Pacific grouper (badejo), from northern California (USA) to central Peru, including the Galápagos; in Mexico it is absent from the northern third of the Gulf of California. It lives from mangrove estuaries to rocky bottoms on the shelf; FishBase says it prefers mangrove estuaries, and juveniles and adults appear in shallow water, with adults down to about 60 m. It reaches 150 cm and 49.2 kg: the IGFA weight record of 49.24 kg is from Cedros (Baja California, 2016), according to a Mexican guide. It is a highly prized table fish and a target of sport and commercial fishing. The IUCN rates it Data Deficient (2016), and the author of the Mexican guide says the species has nearly disappeared from the Los Cabos region.
fun facts
The name comes from the tail of adults, whose edge is irregular, like a broom.
The IGFA length record, 99 cm, is from Los Buzos, Panama, in 2023, according to the Mexican guide.
FishBase lists 91 kg as the published maximum weight; we adopted 49.2 kg, from STRI and the IGFA record, which fits the length-weight relationship.
how to recognize it
identification
A long, robust, flattened body, light brown, with many dark lines running from the eye and elongated brown spots with pale centers (the Mexican guide compares them to lipstick marks); the fish can also be a plain grayish-brown. The snout is much larger than the eye, the lower jaw projects forward and the corner of the preopercle is angular, with a serrated lobe. The tail edge is irregular in adults, like a broom. The baya (Mycteroperca jordani) has the fourth and fifth dorsal spines longer and a rounded soft part.
Not found in Brazil. Eastern Pacific, from northern California (USA) to central Peru, including the Galápagos; in Mexico, in all Pacific waters except the northern third of the Gulf of California. FishBase lists Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.
Habitat: Rocky reefs and hard bottoms of the shelf, and mangrove estuaries, down to about 60 m.
calendar and clock
when to fish
best season
time of yearbest: Apr–Jun
JanFebSeaAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
It occurs all year, with no known season. The app gives spring and summer slightly more weight.
best time of day
Dawn and dusk. No specific study. The app's estimate follows groupers and rock cabrillas: more activity at dawn and dusk.
weather, water and behavior
what affects the broomtail grouper
sensitivity The little bars show how much each factor affects this species. Five full: it feels it a lot.
cold and cold fronts
Cold water reduces activity; in winter the fish tends to move.
atmospheric pressure
A strong front with rough seas hurts rock fishing and boat fishing.
moon
Small effect and no study for the species.
rain
Little effect at sea; a river flowing in murky near the estuary scatters the fish.
water level
Not applicable at sea.
noise
A boat knocking on the rocks and a nearby motor scare the fish; approach drifting or with an electric motor.
wind
Rough seas hamper rocky-shore and boat fishing.
tide
A current running past the rock and bringing food is best.
depth
From 5 to 60 m near the rocks; the younger fish also use mangrove estuaries.
low-profile or small conventional reel, or spinning reel 6000 to 8000, with strong drag
line
braid 40 to 65 lb
leader
fluorocarbon 60 to 80 lb, 1 to 2 m
hook
circle 5/0 to 8/0 on natural bait; assist hooks on jigs
lures
metal jig 80 to 200 g
large shad on a heavy jig head
deep-diving plug alongside the rocks
natural baits
live or dead sardine or mackerel
whole or strip squid
caranguejo
accessories
descender for bottom fish
long-nose pliers
luvas
boga-grip
tip from an angler
On the hookset, set the hook and bring the fish up right away: it runs into the rock and the line scrapes. Bring a descender to release fish that exceed the limit or the size.
what the law says
rules for the broomtail grouper
Summary of the regulations we found, with the source for each. Rules change; before keeping or transporting fish, check with the state environmental agency. Conservation: Insufficient data to assess the risk; the population trend is unknown. The author of the Mexican guide consulted says the species has nearly disappeared from the Los Cabos region. It is not listed in Mexico's NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010.
Mexico: up to 5 per species and 10 saltwater fish per day
5 specimens of the species per angler per day, within the limit of 10 saltwater fish
In recreational sport fishing in Mexican federal waters, each angler may keep up to 10 marine fish per day, with at most 5 of the same species. The cabrilla cola de escoba is not among the species reserved for sport fishing (marlins, sailfish, swordfish, "sábalo o chiro", roosterfish and dorado, up to 50 nautical miles from shore, item 0.3 of the rule) and has no quota of its own. Fish over the limit are released alive (item 4.9.5), and sport-caught fish may not be sold. Anyone fishing from a boat needs the permits under the Federal Law of Duties; from shore, they do not (item 4.3). The similar baya (Mycteroperca jordani) has a limit of 2 per day (item 4.9.1): do not confuse them.
Nicaragua (Pacific): groupers and cabrillas at least 35 cm
35 cmconfirm with the agency
The minimum catch size table for the Nicaraguan Pacific coast sets 35 cm for groupers of the genera Epinephelus and Mycteroperca, a group that includes the cabrilla cola de escoba (Mycteroperca xenarcha). The Pacific table does not say which length applies (the Caribbean one uses total length), so measure total length. We did not confirm whether another rule replaced the 2012 resolution.
Personal Incopesca license, for people over 16confirm with the agency
In the regulation of the Fisheries and Aquaculture Law (Decree 36782, of May 24, 2011), art. 69, sport fishing is authorized only for natural persons over 16, with a license issued by Incopesca; tourists, whether national or foreign, also need the license. Art. 68 limits the landing of large pelagics to 5 per trip, and art. 66 promotes catch and release, but the rule sets no quota for this species. The decree was later amended (Decree 39458), so confirm the current rule with Incopesca.
Panama: new sport fishing decree in force from Dec 10, 2026
Executive Decree No. 9 (Jun 10, 2026), in force from Dec 10, 2026confirm with the agency
ARAP published Executive Decrees No. 9 and No. 10, of Jun 10, 2026, in the Official Gazette. The first regulates sport fishing throughout the territory; the second protects billfish (sailfish and marlins). Both take effect on Dec 10, 2026, after six months of adaptation. We did not verify the text: the press report gives no catch limits, sizes or license requirements. Before fishing in Panama, check with ARAP.
Colombia: AUNAP license and catch-and-release in sport fishing
Individual AUNAP license; catch-and-release guidanceconfirm with the agency
AUNAP Resolution 0549 of 2022 sets the guidelines for sport fishing for recreational purposes in Colombia. Anyone fishing needs a permit: for a natural person, Colombian or foreign, it is a personal, non-transferable license (art. 6). The rule uses "capture and release" as guidance. We did not verify the daily limit or the minimum sizes by species: check with AUNAP before keeping any fish.
catch and release Releasing the fish alive, quickly and with a wet hand. During a closed season it isn't always allowed: what the regulation says applies.
A deep-water rockfish can rise with an inflated swim bladder: use a descender to return it to depth. Don't puncture the bladder. Hold it by the mouth with a boga-grip and support its belly.
in the kitchen
White, firm flesh, rated excellent by the Mexican guide; sold in markets and also a target of sport fishing.
calculator
how much it weighs without taking it out of the water
Length-weight relationship W = a·Lb (a = 0.00912, b = 3.05; FishBase (relação peso-comprimento bayesiana, estimativa pelo gênero e formato do corpo)). It's an average: a fat or lean fish can vary by 10% to 20%.
estimated weight
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sources and references
The seasonal weights (months), time of day and sensitivities (cold, pressure, moon, wind, rain, tide, strong light, murky water and noise) are the app's editorial estimates, based on the literature below and on the field experience of anglers and guides. They are not official data or measurements made for this species, and they may vary by region and year. Closed seasons and legal rules appear in the rules section, with the rule and link. The common size is an editorial estimate (FishBase gives no common length for this species), supported by the specimens photographed in the Mexican guide; the common weight is calculated from the length-weight relationship.
technicalMexican Fish (mexican-fish.com): ficha do Broomtail Grouper (Mycteroperca xenarcha)Independent guide to fishes of the Mexican Pacific, with catch photos and the author's observations; not an official source. Page checked Oct 13, 2026. Reports the IGFA records (49.24 kg, Cedros, 2016; 99 cm length, Los Buzos, Panama, 2023), distribution in Mexico, confusion with the baya (Mycteroperca jordani), and the author's view on the decline in the Los Cabos region. We did not verify the records on the IGFA website.
The weather comes from three independent global models, cross-checked hour by hour: when they agree, confidence goes up; when they diverge, the band between them shows on the chart. Beyond 16 days, we use the GEFS ensemble of 31 simulations: if 20 of the 31 predict rain, the chance of rain is 65%. Sun and moon are calculated astronomically, with no uncertainty.
The index adds up, weighted for each species: time of day (species curve anchored to real sunrise and sunset), moon (transits, rise and set, phase), pressure (3 h trend and 24 h swing), water temperature (in rivers, estimated from air temperature; at sea, estimated by an ocean model), wind, rain, clouds, tide and the month in the species' cycle.
Accuracy measured in the reference project (4 regions, 93 days, forecast vs. observed): maximum temperature is off by 0.6 °C on average the next day and 1.7 °C at 7 days; rain of 5 mm or more is detected 76% of the time the next day and 57% at 7 days. Detection isn't everything: the false alarm rate isn't published here yet, and 93 days in 4 regions is still a small sample. We now also measure every day, at the app's destinations:
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